Al-Furqan 25:2
The verse centers on the verb "qaddara" (He measured, determined).
ٱلَّذِى لَهُۥ مُلْكُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ وَلَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَدًا وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُۥ شَرِيكٌ فِى ٱلْمُلْكِ وَخَلَقَ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ فَقَدَّرَهُۥ تَقْدِيرًا
He to whom belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth, who took to Himself no son, who never had a partner in His kingship; who created everything and determined its measure
Al-Furqan 25:2 · Translation: talal-itani
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In Arabic, "qadara" means to make something in a definite amount, to set it to a measure. The verse closes with a distinctive repetition: "fa-qaddarahu taqdīran" — He measured it with a measuring. In Qur'anic Arabic such reduplication is emphatic. Creation is not random but measured; each thing has its own quantity, limit, and proportion.
Observation
In modern physics, the laws of nature are expressed through mathematical relationships; universal constants such as the speed of light, Planck's constant, and the gravitational constant yield identical values in every measurement. Quantities in nature operate predictably within the framework of these constants; this mathematical regularity of physical laws has been the most fundamental foundation of modern science since its inception.
Exegesis
Classical exegetes read "taqdīr" on two levels. Quantitatively: every thing has a given magnitude, weight, and lifespan. Qualitatively: every thing has a form suited to its nature — the bird's wing fitted to flight, the fish's body to swimming. Al-Rāzī binds "taqdīr" and "ḥikma" together: measure is the visible face of wisdom. The verse also grounds the classical kalām argument for divine unity — were there multiple deities, the measure would break.
Sources
Tafsīr: Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb; classical kalām (proofs of divine unity).